Simula: How Simula 67 Introduced Object-Oriented Programming
Simula, created by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard in Oslo, gave the world classes, objects and inheritance. This is how it happened and why it matters.
Apps & Mobile
Smalltalk: How Smalltalk Made Everything an Object
Smalltalk, created at Xerox PARC in the 1970s, treated everything as an object. It shaped GUIs, object-oriented design and modern IDEs.
How Brad Cox Built Objective-C on Smalltalk Ideas
Objective-C added Smalltalk-style messaging to C in the early 1980s. Adopted by NeXT and then Apple, it powered Mac OS X and the first generation of iPhone apps.
Bertrand Meyer's Eiffel and Design by Contract
Eiffel, released in 1986 by Bertrand Meyer, made preconditions, postconditions and class invariants part of the language, an idea known as Design by Contract.
How Alan Cooper Became the Father of Visual Basic
Visual Basic launched in 1991 and let millions draw a Windows interface and attach code to it. Its drag-and-drop core began as Alan Cooper's prototype.
Delphi History: Why Borland Named Its Pascal Tool Delphi
Borland launched Delphi in 1995, pairing Object Pascal with a visual designer and native compiler. Its name was a joke about talking to the Oracle.
How Flutter Saved the Dart Programming Language
Dart was built to replace JavaScript in the browser and nearly faded away. Then Flutter arrived. Here is the full story of Google's comeback language.
Why JetBrains Built Kotlin Instead of Using Scala
JetBrains wanted a better Java for its own huge codebase, and Scala compiled too slowly. Here is how Kotlin came to be and why Android made it mainstream.
Why Apple Replaced Objective-C With Swift
Swift started as Chris Lattner's side project in 2010 and became Apple's main language in 2014. Here is why Apple moved on from Objective-C and what Swift does well.
